Family planning is available to help individuals and couples to choose if and when they will have a child, or to choose the number of children that they will have. The choices depend on a complicated mixture of social, cultural and psychological influences and lately men and women have reliable methods to enable them to make that choice freely and easily.
This principle of choice is important, as it includes not only the choice of using family planning, but the choice of the birth control method most suited to the particular circumstances of the couple. But neither the man nor the woman can make an informed choice until each has a basic knowledge of the different methods, their efficiency in protection against pregnancy and their advantages and disadvantages.
Our emphasis in this post is on the natural methods of family planning.
1. Periodic abstinence{the safe period}- In a woman with a normal menstrual cycle, ovulation will occur approximately 14 days before the anticipated menstrual period and the ovum can only survive for two days unless it is fertilized. After intercourse, the ejaculated sperm survive and are able to fertilize the ovum for four days at the most. From these facts we can deduce that if intercourse is avoided from four days before to four days after ovulation, pregnancy should not occur. Intercourse should therefore be restricted to the days of menstruation, to the four to six postmenstrual days and the ten premenstrual days. A couple choosing to use periodic abstinence have to determine the days on which the woman may be fertile.
2. The calendar method;- If a woman is prepared to use a calendar and over a period of six menstrual cycles to record the duration of each cycle, she can determine her own safe period by calculating the date of ovulation in each cycle, and then subtracting three days from that day in the shortest cycle and adding three days in the longest cycle. Intercourse should be avoided during the danger period.
3. The temperature method;- This is an accurate method of pinpointing ovulation. It is based on the physiological observation that when ovulation has occurred the body temperature rises slightly. To detect this temperature rise, a woman has to be sufficiently motivated to take her rectal or vaginal temperature each morning on waking and before she gets out of bed or has any food or drink. From the daily reading, she makes a chart and can have intercourse safely three days after the temperature rise has occurred.
4. The mucus method;- The woman learns to examine her vagina for the presence of mucus. Immediately after a menstrual period, the vagina feels dry, but as ovulation time approaches, mucus can be detected. Initially, it is cloudy and sticky but as the level of oestrogen rises, the cells of the neck of the womb are stimulated to secrete more mucus and its character changes.it becomes clearer, stretchy and slippery. The peak of the clear mucus is reached on the day of ovulation after which the mucus becomes cloudy again. Intercourse is safe when there is no mucus . If the couple avoid sex whenever there is mucus, pregnancy is avoided.
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